Ancient Greece Ancient Greece existed from 1650 BCE to 146 BCE. Map

Government

• In the begging the government was ruled by a king and he would be assisted by there noble
• Then when there wasn't a need for kings anymore there role was given to the oligarchies. The the citizens felt as if they were not being helped and were being ignored so they decided to help the tyrants, A tyrant is a man who single handedly ruled. But they were not very good at there job so then there was a democracy, which is when the people get to have a say with whats going on in the government and there voice is heard. A citizen was a man who could vote. But only men could be a citizen.
• Some laws were that if you were not from that area (a foreigner) you could not speak in court, you would have to have a citizen (a man) to talk for you and represent you.
• If you were to be trialed of treason you would be hear/judged by everyone.
• If you were being trialed for murder you would be judged by the "special court."
• No murder, no stealing, etc. were also laws.

Who controls the civilization?
A: The people, the government, everyone.

What kind of system organizes society?
A: Democracy.

What laws are important,and rights do people have?
A: All the laws were important.



Religion

• Greek religion was polytheism. Polytheism is the belief in many gods.
• They believed that Cronus, son of Uranus and Gaia, overthrew his father, and married his sister, Rhea. Their children, in turn, overthrew Cronus, imprisoned him in Tartarus, and established rule themselves (His son Zeus in turn married his sister Hera!). These gods, they believed, were called titans. They were also known as the children and grandchildren of Cronus. They had a large family, called the Olympians, and their home was on Mount Olympus.
  • Zeus, a son of Cronus, was the god of the sky. His wife was Hera, who was also his sister. His siblings were Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, and Hestia. He also was the god of thunder and had a lightning bolt. He often made his wife, Hera, jealous, by getting other nymphs and having children without telling her.
  • Hera was Zeus' wife and sister. She was the goddess of marriage. She was known as the most jealous goddess in Greek Mythology.
  • Poseidon, a brother of Zeus, was the god of the sea. He had a wife named Amphitrite.
  • Hades, a brother of Zeus, was the god of Tartarus (the Underworld). He had a wife named Persephone, who was the daughter of Demeter. Persephone stays with him 1/2 of the year and leaves him the other half.
  • Ares, a son of Zeus and Hera, was the god of war. He was believed to have an affair with Aphrodite, and have a son named Eros.
  • Hermes, a son of Zeus and Maia, was the messenger of the gods. He is the most notable one in Greek Religion.
  • Demeter, a sister of Zeus, was the goddess of agriculture. She had a daughter named Persephone whom she lost when Hades fell in love with her. Whenever she's gone, Demeter takes away the crops, when she's with Demeter, she gives the plants back.
  • Apollo, a son of Zeus and twin brother of Artemis, was the god of the sun. He was also associated with archery, healing, music, prophesy, and poetry.
  • Aphrodite, a daughter of Zeus and Dione, was the goddess of love and beauty. She was also believed to have Ares as her husband, even though she was betrothed to Hephaestus. She and Ares and have a son named Eros.
  • Artemis, daughter of Zeus and Leto, was the goddess of the hunt.
  • Athena, daughter of Zeus and Metis, was the goddess of wisdom and knowledge.
  • Hephaestus, son of Zeus and Hera, was the god of fire and metal. He was engaged to Aphrodite but she left him for Ares.
  • Hestia, a sister of Zeus, was the goddess of the hearth.
  • Dionysus, a son of Semele and Zeus, was the god of wine. He had a wife named Ariadne, who was originally in love with a man named Theseus.
  • Eros, a son of Ares and Aphrodite, was the god of love. He was also called "cupid".
• The main sacred buildings related to Greek religion were in the Acropolis.
  • In the acropolis was the temple of Athena, the main goddess of Athens.
  • Acropolis signifies "highest city" in Ancient Greece.
  • Two sacred theaters devoted to Dionysus were in the Acropolis. Many Greek tragedies were performed there.
  • Huge bronze figure of the Trojan horse.
  • Parthenon and Erechtheum made in the Golden age of Greece.
    • Parthenon included shrines to Athena
    • Carved scenes from battles with the centaur, Athenians, Trojans and Lapiths
  • Altar of Athena, located between the Parthenon and the Erechtheum
• Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt
  • Has a statue of Poseidon on top of the lighthouse.
• Main religious center in Greece was Olympia. It contained a temple dedicated to Zeus and Hera, and it housed the statue of Zeus. It was one of the wonders of the World.

Economy

• There FOOD was grain, grapes which they used to make wine, bread, cheese, fruit, vegetables, fish, honey which they used as there sweeter because they didn't have any sugar, sheep- which they used for meat and wool, goats which were for milk and meat, pigs,poultry, and they hunted for deer, rabbits, and wild boars.

• When they TRADED they would trade with the people around the Mediterranean and the Black sea and among them self's.They would trade olive oils, wine, pottery, arts, food, clothe, animals, and jewelry and more. Most traders have there own boats. They would use coins- which is there source of trade. The coins were made from silver, and gold. They were stamped with symbols. Each coin had its own value. Usually only the men would go shopping for goods in the market which the Greeks called agora.

How does this civilization obtain food?
A: Fishing, farming, hunting, and trade.

Who does the civilization trade with, and what goods are traded?
A: They traded with people around the Mediterranean, the Black sea, and also with each other.
They would trade olive oil, wine, clothing, jewelry, animals, arts, food, and pottery.


What does the civilization use to exchange goods?
A: They used silver and gold coins which had value and had symbols on them.




Arts

• Ancient Greece was one of the most influential contributions to western art (480-338 BC). Scholars consider Ancient Greece to have developed new techniques for integrating a sense of humanity and movement to their artwork. While examining their hallmarks it helps us understand them more.
• During the classical era the Greeks started to create more realistic and lifelike art which created a balance and harmony created by artful asymmetry.
• most of there sculptures were freestanding but some Greek sculptors were also involved with many types of monumental architectural projects. Phidias and the unidentified "Olympian Master" created great images at the Parthenon and Temple of Zeus.
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Technology

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• Ancient Greece was one of the first civilizations to use iron to make tools such as helmets, knives, swords etc.especially for war. Also, they built universities that taught mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, and physics.

• Education in classical Greece were taught how to play the lyre and instructed by speaking. A lot of men were educated paideia which meant in Greek education. Paideia was not only the knowledge of reading and writing but about how you behave, socialize, argue, are respectful towards others.

• One invention Greece made was drama, which we still use to this day. In the plays, there was a tragedy that would happen and then someone would act something funny to lighten the mood.

Society

Greek Slave

• In Ancient Greece, young boys ages 6 to 14 went to primary school. They learned about Homer and how to play the lyre. The teacher could choose to teach anything he wanted, including drama, public speaking, government, art, reading, writing, math, and how to play the flute.After they graduated, they entered a higher school for four more years. When they turned 18, they went to military school. At 20, they graduated. Girls didn't go to school, but they learned how to read and write at home.
• Slaves were a major part of Ancient Greece's development. They built their temples, compose their literature, and make their artwork. Greek slaves were not that different from middle-class Greeks. Slaves could not go to school, enter politics- they couldn't even use their OWN name! They were given their taskmaster. Slaves were often made by being captured in battle, being the offspring of a slave, being sold into slavery, or being kidnapped.
•  The marketplace was located in the center of a city and was the focus of life. People had businesses and friends gathered to talk in the marketplace.
• The daily diet of ancient Greeks consisted of fish, eggs and cheese.
• Working-class people's diet was much different- they ate broth and porridge.

Accomplishments:

• Ancient Greece had a lot of accomplishments that impacted the world today. In Ancient Greece, the Greek myths were formed. Many stories focused on the Greek gods and goddesses. Greek legends were also formed with reasons the Greeks believed life was the way it was. Also, the first Olympics were held in Greece. Many men competed. They got laurel wreaths if they won. Today, the Olympics are being played every four years with countries all over the world. Greece was also the birthplace of democracy. There were two types of democracies; A Direct Democracy, in which a government in which people vote to make their own rules and laws, and a Representative Democracy, in which a government in which people vote for representatives. The representatives make rules and laws that govern themselves and the people. Each year, 500 men would be chosen to be the citizens (or lawmakers) of Athens. All citizens of Athens were required to vote on any new law that this group created. Women, children, and slaves could not vote. In ancient Greece, the Parthenon inspired the Lincoln Memorial. In ancient Greece, three types of plays were made- Comedies, Tragedies, and Satires. The tragedies always included one or more characters without a happy ending. The comedies included plays with one or more characters having a happy ending. They were usually funny. In satires, they were usually plays that made fun of mortal legends and living people. They couldn't make fun of the gods, but they could make fun of their leaders. In Greek drama, the chorus or the singers told the story, not the actors. Actors used gestures and masks to act out their parts.